Reconstruction

1. What was Reconstruction? What were the three unresolved issues following the end of the Civil War that we discussed in class?
2. What did the 13th Amendment do?
3. What role did President Lincoln consider granting to African Americans in his Reconstruction plan? What role would African Americans play in the Reconstruction governments as outlined in President Johnson’s plan? Were the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln and Johnson considered lenient or harsh? How did the Republican-dominated Congress react to these plans?
4. What did the Republican-dominated Congress want to achieve in the South? What was happening in the South that upset Congress?
5. What was the purpose of the Black Codes? What were some of the rights granted to freedmen under the Black Codes? What were some of the rights denied to freedmen under the Black Codes?
6. What were the main rights guaranteed in the 14th Amendment? What was the purpose of the 14th Amendment?
7. What was President Johnson’s reaction to the 14th Amendment? What did Johnson do in the 1866 midterm elections and what was the result?
8. What did the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
9. How did U.S. Grant win the presidency, i.e. what was his margin of victory? What did this lead the Republican-dominated Congress to do?
10. What did the 15th Amendment to the Constitution do? What were some of the ways in which the states undermined the 15th Amendment?
11. What was the grandfather clause? What was its purpose / whom did it benefit?
12. What was the political make up of southern state and local governments before the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867? What was the makeup of these same governments after the Military Reconstruction Act? Why / how did this come about?
13. How did white southerners feel about the fact that African Americans were being elected to offices throughout the South? Whom did they blame for these circumstances?
14. What were carpetbaggers? Scalawags?
15. What were the origins of the Ku Klux Klan? What was the original purpose of the organization?
16. Once the Klan turned into a terrorist organization, whom did it target and what was it trying to achieve?
17. What were the Enforcement Acts and why were they put into place? Were they successful?
18. What were Redeemer Governments (Redemption)? By what methods did white southern Democrats regain control of state governments?
19. What events led to the Compromise of 1877?
20. What were the terms of the Compromise of 1877?
21. What were the short term and long term consequences of the Compromise of 1877 for African Americans in the south?
22. What was the holding in the Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson?
23. What is tenant farming? Why was it needed in the South after the Civil War?
24. What were the early benefits and later drawbacks of tenant farming for freedmen?
25. What was the crop lien system and what were its consequences?
26. What were the three primary factors comprising the New South as promoted by Henry Grady? What was the purpose of Henry Grady’s New South concept?
27. Who was Booker T. Washington and what were his views on African Americans and education? What values did he promote at Tuskegee and what kinds of activities did the students engage in?
28. What were Washington’s views on racism? In his speech known as the Atlanta Compromise, how did Washington say whites should compromise, and how should blacks compromise?
29. Was Henry Grady’s concept of a New South successful? How or how not?
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Reconstruction

Paper details:
WRITING ASSIGNMENT # 1A: Reconstruction. President Lincoln’s goal for reconstruction remained linked to his goal in the war-preserve the Union. His plan favored leniency, in order to as quickly as possible reintegrate the south, and gain the support of Southern Unionists (mostly former Whigs). Radical Republicans urged a much harsher course, believing that the south was unrepentant and should bear the costs of Reconstruction. INSTRUCTIONS: In order to prepare you must complete the following readings: Review the section in Chapter 17 which discusses the Black Codes, and the linked document, taken from the writings of William A. Dunning . Review the relevant sections of Chapter 18: The Southern Burden and Life in the New South. Review and identify relevant information on the linked PBS American Experience site, Reconstruction The Second Civil War Utilize at least one of the linked sources to support your discussion. Identify and incorporate at least one additional outside source to support your discussion. In addition to the textbook, you may use any material outside of the textbook that is recommended in the Additional Reading section at the end of each chapter. You are also encouraged to do your own research and identify relevant sources. Please keep in mind that WIKIPEDIA is not an acceptable reference. PREPARE AND SUBMIT: Write a well organized essay, a minimum of 700 words (but not limited to), including supporting details from the documents/textbook/other sources in which you analyze and discuss the material that has been assigned by addressing the following question: In your opinion, were the Radical Republicans correct in their assumptions regarding the South, or could Lincoln’s approach have paved the way for a continuation of the political, social and economic gains that African Americans had achieved during reconstruction? Support your argument(s) including information from assigned and linked readings REMINDERS: Paragraphs in an essay are not numbered. Any questions that are associated with an assigned reading are there to serve as a guide for your discussion. Your discussion should incorporate all of the information from the documents and or textbook, and outside sources as one essay. Students are required to research and incorporate into their discussions additional sources that relate to the content. Recommendations can be found in at the end of textbook chapter in Additional Reading. Please keep in mind that WIKIPEDIA is not an acceptable reference All statements must be supported and all sources must be identified and cited, and included in your reference list. This also applies to the textbook. Failure to do so constitutes Plagiarism, and the college has strict policies and penalties for failure to comply. Under the Resources tab you will find links to sites that review how to format a paper or essay. I recommend that students use APA Style to format their essay. Students should ask their instructor which format style they prefer you to use. Proofread your work. Make sure that you have looked for all of the spelling and grammatical errors and corrected them, and that you have organized your work into coherent paragraphs. Prepare the assignment as a Word Document, double-spaced and using a standard font of 12 points. Submit it in the Dropbox as an ATTACHMENT. Any work that is submitted directly into the box will be graded as a 0. Point Value: 100 Grading Criteria: Analysis and discussion. (60%) Support of discussion (30%) Organization. (10%) Reminder: All written work must comply with standard English rules, such as proper capitalization, grammar and spelling. The assignment must be submitted by the deadline listed in the calendar. Note: Even though you will see a statement giving you the option of copy/paste or file attachment, please disregard this statement. You are required to attach the assignment in MS Word format. Reminder: Please make sure to comply with all Netiquette Guidelines listed in the Getting Started module. Click on the Writing Assignment Dropbox to submit Additional reading: ERIC FONER, Reconstruction 1988, Leon Litwack, been in the storm so long 1979

Reconstruction

Paper details:
WRITING ASSIGNMENT # 1A: Reconstruction. President Lincoln’s goal for reconstruction remained linked to his goal in the war-preserve the Union. His plan favored leniency, in order to as quickly as possible reintegrate the south, and gain the support of Southern Unionists (mostly former Whigs). Radical Republicans urged a much harsher course, believing that the south was unrepentant and should bear the costs of Reconstruction. INSTRUCTIONS: In order to prepare you must complete the following readings: Review the section in Chapter 17 which discusses the Black Codes, and the linked document, taken from the writings of William A. Dunning . Review the relevant sections of Chapter 18: The Southern Burden and Life in the New South. Review and identify relevant information on the linked PBS American Experience site, Reconstruction The Second Civil War Utilize at least one of the linked sources to support your discussion. Identify and incorporate at least one additional outside source to support your discussion. In addition to the textbook, you may use any material outside of the textbook that is recommended in the Additional Reading section at the end of each chapter. You are also encouraged to do your own research and identify relevant sources. Please keep in mind that WIKIPEDIA is not an acceptable reference. PREPARE AND SUBMIT: Write a well organized essay, a minimum of 700 words (but not limited to), including supporting details from the documents/textbook/other sources in which you analyze and discuss the material that has been assigned by addressing the following question: In your opinion, were the Radical Republicans correct in their assumptions regarding the South, or could Lincoln’s approach have paved the way for a continuation of the political, social and economic gains that African Americans had achieved during reconstruction? Support your argument(s) including information from assigned and linked readings REMINDERS: Paragraphs in an essay are not numbered. Any questions that are associated with an assigned reading are there to serve as a guide for your discussion. Your discussion should incorporate all of the information from the documents and or textbook, and outside sources as one essay. Students are required to research and incorporate into their discussions additional sources that relate to the content. Recommendations can be found in at the end of textbook chapter in Additional Reading. Please keep in mind that WIKIPEDIA is not an acceptable reference All statements must be supported and all sources must be identified and cited, and included in your reference list. This also applies to the textbook. Failure to do so constitutes Plagiarism, and the college has strict policies and penalties for failure to comply. Under the Resources tab you will find links to sites that review how to format a paper or essay. I recommend that students use APA Style to format their essay. Students should ask their instructor which format style they prefer you to use. Proofread your work. Make sure that you have looked for all of the spelling and grammatical errors and corrected them, and that you have organized your work into coherent paragraphs. Prepare the assignment as a Word Document, double-spaced and using a standard font of 12 points. Submit it in the Dropbox as an ATTACHMENT. Any work that is submitted directly into the box will be graded as a 0. Point Value: 100 Grading Criteria: Analysis and discussion. (60%) Support of discussion (30%) Organization. (10%) Reminder: All written work must comply with standard English rules, such as proper capitalization, grammar and spelling. The assignment must be submitted by the deadline listed in the calendar. Note: Even though you will see a statement giving you the option of copy/paste or file attachment, please disregard this statement. You are required to attach the assignment in MS Word format. Reminder: Please make sure to comply with all Netiquette Guidelines listed in the Getting Started module. Click on the Writing Assignment Dropbox to submit Additional reading: ERIC FONER, Reconstruction 1988, Leon Litwack, been in the storm so long 1979